CHINA-NIGERIAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS DURING THE BUHARIADMINISTRATION, 2015 - 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving dynamics of Sino Nigerian economic relations during the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari (2015–2023), a period marked by intensified bilateral cooperation in trade, infrastructure, energy, and finance. The central problem addressed is the paradox of growing Chinese investment alongside increasing concerns over trade imbalances, rising debt levels, and potential threats to Nigeria’s economic sovereignty. The objective is to criticallyassess the motivations, outcomes, and long-term implications of this partnership on Nigeria’s economic development. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the study draws on policy documents, trade data, and scholarly analyses to evaluate the nature and impact of Chinese engagements. The theoretical framework combines dependency theory and institutional liberalism to offer a nuanced understanding of the asymmetrical power relations and the institutional mechanisms shaping this bilateral relationship. The study is significant in highlighting how strategic economic diplomacy with China has redefined Nigeria’s development trajectory, yet also exposed vulnerabilities in governance and negotiation capacity. Findings reveal that while China has contributed to infrastructure development and financial inflows, Nigeria faces persistent challenges in balancing national interests with foreign economic influence. The study concludes that without a strategic realignment, Nigeria risks deepening its economic dependence on China. It recommends strengthening institutional capacity, promoting transparency in loan agreements, and enhancing local content in joint ventures to safeguard sovereignty and maximize developmental gains. Through these measures, Nigeria can better position itself to extract sustainable benefits from its partnership with China.