SAFEGUARDING REPUTATION: HUMAN RIGHTS AND NIGERIA’S INTERNATIONAL IMAGE IN THE BUHARI ERA (2015-2023)

Abstract

Nigeria’s international image is intricately linked to its human rights practices, especially under the leadership of President Muhammadu Buhari (2015–2023). Despite professed adherence to democratic ideals, the period was marked by heightened allegations of human rights violations, drawing global concern and diminishing Nigeria’s credibility on the world stage. This study investigates the impact of human rights practices during Buhari’s administration on the country’s international reputation. The objective is to critically assess how domestic rights abuses influenced foreign perceptions and diplomatic relations. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study analyzes secondary data including policy reports, media coverage, and international human rights indices. Anchored on the Constructivist Theory of International Relations, which emphasizes the power of norms, identity, and perception in global affairs, the research provides a nuanced understanding of how Nigeria's human rights record shaped its international image. The study is significant as it bridges the gap between domestic governance practices and foreign policy outcomes, offering insights into the reputational consequences of rights violations. The findings reveal that, although Nigeria remained diplomatically active, its global moral authority eroded due to persistent abuses such as police brutality, suppression of dissent, and disregard for judicial processes. The study concludes that Nigeria’s international image can only be restored through comprehensive institutional reforms, stronger adherence to human rights norms, and the promotion of transparent, accountable governance. It recommends a deliberate shift towards rights-based policy frameworks and increased engagement with both domestic civil society and international human rights bodies.