D.H. THOREAU’S CONCEPT OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATION BUILDING IN NIGERIA

Abstract

The progress of a nation hinges on its citizens' sense of responsibility. In Nigeria, the constitution emphasizes fundamental rights, duties, and directive principles to foster equality, democracy, and nation-building. Citizens are morally obligated to uphold patriotism, unity, and socially acceptable behavior, which contribute to social progress and peaceful coexistence. Responsible citizenship entails not only obeying the law but also acting ethically to promote national development. However, when citizens' rights, privileges, and safety are compromised by inadequate government policies, they have the right to demand better governance through civil disobedience. Over six decades of Nigeria’s socio-political and economic transformation have been shaped by the active involvement of labor unions, political movements, and human rights activism. The peaceful attainment of Nigeria’s independence in 1960, despite prolonged struggles, was marked by mass protests, strikes, and sacrifices led by organized groups and unions. This discourse explores the interplay between civil disobedience and nation-building, guided by the ideas of D. H. Thoreau. Key questions include: What is civil disobedience? How does it relate to nation-building? What roles do citizens play in Nigeria’s growth and development? What are the challenges to national cohesion and progress? Additionally, it examines the impact of industrial disputes and civil society organizations on public service delivery and considers how Thoreau’s citizenship theory could address Nigeria’s developmental crises and enhance nation-building. By analyzing these dimensions, the study seeks to illuminate the strategic roles of citizens in shaping a dynamic, equitable, and united Nigeria.