THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICALS FROM AFRICA’S INDUSTRIAL HUBS: PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS, ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES

摘要

The proliferation of counterfeit pharmaceuticals from Africa’s industrial hubs poses significant global challenges, impacting public health, economic stability, and regulatory effectiveness. These falsified medicines, often containing incorrect dosages or toxic substances, contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing nations where healthcare systems are already strained. The economic consequences are severe, as counterfeit drugs undermine legitimate pharmaceutical industries, deter foreign investment, and increase healthcare costs due to treatment failures and prolonged illnesses. Additionally, weak regulatory frameworks, inadequate enforcement mechanisms, and corruption exacerbate the problem, allowing counterfeiters to exploit loopholes in supply chain management.This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis from health organizations and economic reports with qualitative insights from key stakeholders, including policymakers, healthcare professionals, and regulatory agencies. Using Routine Activity Theory (RAT) and Regulatory Capture Theory (RCT), the study explores how weak enforcement structures and private sector influence contribute to the persistence of counterfeit drug markets. The research highlights the urgent need for strengthened regulatory policies, international collaboration, and advanced technological solutions such as blockchain and AI-driven tracking systems to enhance pharmaceutical supply chain security. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated effort among governments, industry stakeholders, and global health organizations to mitigate the risks posed by counterfeit pharmaceuticals and safeguard public health. The findings will inform policy recommendations aimed at improving enforcement mechanisms, increasing public awareness, and enhancing cross-border cooperation in tackling this global health crisis.